摘要 :
The key components of an Electricity Critical Infrastructure (ECI) are the elements of system required to permanently provide services with a certain performance level. In the case of disruptive events effects on these elements, t...
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The key components of an Electricity Critical Infrastructure (ECI) are the elements of system required to permanently provide services with a certain performance level. In the case of disruptive events effects on these elements, the key security factor is their robustness, which is an important determinant of element resilience. Current methods can already assess the static level of element resilience but are as yet unable to creating dynamic models of resilience decrease due to disruptive events. In this context, dynamic security assessment is an important area for determining energy supply security. Based on this observation, the authors of the article created a method for Dynamic Robustness Modelling (DRM) which allows ECI element robustness dynamic modelling which can be clearly considered as a new concept of robust, secure and resilient of ECI. This stochastic method uses integral calculus and analysis of dynamic robustness in elements in the context of a predicted disruptive event scenario. The method quantifies the negative effect of predicted disruptive events and the subsequent decrease in the level of robustness due to this effect at the expected time of exposure. Practical use of the method is illustrated through a case study that models a decrease in the level of robustness of an electricity transformer station during an intentional man-made attack.
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A critical infrastructure is a complicated system whose failure (in whole or in part) has a significant impact on national interests, including security, the economy and basic human needs. The system consists of relevant sectors, ...
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A critical infrastructure is a complicated system whose failure (in whole or in part) has a significant impact on national interests, including security, the economy and basic human needs. The system consists of relevant sectors, elements and their mutual linkages. In order to study critical infrastructures, it is necessary to apply a systems approach based on cross-sectoral evaluation and research into the linkages between the individual critical infrastructure sectors. Specifically, it is necessary to describe the individual vertical and horizontal levels of each critical infrastructure and the associated linkages. From this point-of-view, a critical infrastructure is embedded within the broader context of emergencies and enterprises, representing a compact and mutually-interconnected system.
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As the number of threats and the severity of their impact increases, an ever greater emphasis is being placed on the protection of critical infrastructure. Thus, the issue of resilience, or its assessment and strengthening, is inc...
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As the number of threats and the severity of their impact increases, an ever greater emphasis is being placed on the protection of critical infrastructure. Thus, the issue of resilience, or its assessment and strengthening, is increasingly coming to the fore. The resilience assessment of critical infrastructure, especially in the energy sector, has received considerable attention due to the high level of interest in this issue. However, the issue of strengthening resilience poses a significant challenge not only in the energy sector but also in the entire critical infrastructure system. Despite the great importance of this area, there is not a large number of authors moving in this direction and paying attention to resilience-strengthening tools. For this reason, the aim of this article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive methodological overview of resilience strengthening in the critical energy infrastructure sector. This article also provides an overview of internal and external tools suitable for strengthening resilience and presents a possible procedure for their application to energy critical infrastructure elements.
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The resilience of elements in a critical infrastructure system is a major factor determining the reliability of services and commodities provided by the critical infrastructure system to society. Resilience can be viewed as a qual...
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The resilience of elements in a critical infrastructure system is a major factor determining the reliability of services and commodities provided by the critical infrastructure system to society. Resilience can be viewed as a quality which reduces the vulnerability of an element, absorbs the effects of disruptive events, enhances the element's ability to respond and recover, and facilitates its adaptation to disruptive events similar to those encountered in the past. In this respect, resilience assessment plays an important role in ensuring the security and reliability of not only these elements alone, but also of the system as a whole. The paper introduces the CIERA methodology designed for Critical Infrastructure Elements Resilience Assessment. The principle of this method is the statistical assessment of the level of resilience of critical infrastructure elements, involving a complex evaluation of their robustness, their ability to recover functionality after the occurrence of a disruptive event and their capacity to adapt to previous disruptive events. The complex approach thus includes both the assessment of technical and organizational resilience, as well as the identification of weak points in order to strengthen resilience. An example of the application of the CIERA method is presented in the form of a case study focused on assessing the resilience of a selected element of electrical energy infrastructure. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Research into disruptions to, or failures in, the Critical Infrastructure (further only CI), represents an important area of investigations into the phenomena in (a) Critical Infrastructure System (further only CIS). The results a...
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Research into disruptions to, or failures in, the Critical Infrastructure (further only CI), represents an important area of investigations into the phenomena in (a) Critical Infrastructure System (further only CIS). The results arising from the prediction of the intensity of problems - and the line(s) of their impacts spread-patterns, are an important part of any decision-making process carried out by the involved parties for the early and effective realization of Safety and Security Measures. Therefore, this article's aim is to assess cascading effects in a CI system. The first part of the article deals with the typology of impacts - the aspects that form their nature; and the ways these impacts spread in a CI structure. Furthermore, the current approaches to the assessment of such cascading impacts are also described. Based on these facts, the authors define the principles and framework for assessing cascading impacts in a CI system. The CIA Method (Cascading Impact Assessment - further only CIA), which serves for the quantification of the spread of cascading impacts in a CIS, is the most important part of this article. The essence of this method lies in its assessment of all lines of business occurring in the chosen area, as well as an assessment of their resilience and links; subsequent to this, a structural map of the risk of the spread of cascading impacts was created. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The paper focuses on risk sources under no legislative pressure in the field of prevention of major accidents. Despite this, they can represent significant sources of risk of accidents.
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The robustness of the critical infrastructure system is determined by the validity and vulnerability of its individual elements and the links between them. For this reason, these elements are the basic building blocks of the syste...
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The robustness of the critical infrastructure system is determined by the validity and vulnerability of its individual elements and the links between them. For this reason, these elements are the basic building blocks of the system, which must be protected from security threats. The level of their physical protection is currently assessed through quantitative models of physical protection systems (PPS). However, these models are now obsolete because they do not allow the integration of new dynamic parameters. For this reason, the article focuses on the implementation of the Bayesian updating method in the PPS model development, which will allow the exact involvement of new information obtained during the PPS life. The application of Bayesian updating to software tools allows recalculation of individual values of input parameters and thus obtaining increasingly realistic information about the efficiency of the PPS system. This information can be used to modify the structure and adopt protection measures in relation to the set limit values of the output parameters of the security assessment. The created use case shows an example of the procedure of developing and assessing a quantitative PPS model on a selected element of water critical infrastructure using software support. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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